INTRODUCTION:

Crime and criminality have been associated with man since his birth. Crime menace strives to hide itself. Different Country has different strategies to resolve the crime depending on their nature. One thing is certain, that a nation with high criminal activity cannot grow or develop because crime is the direct opposite of development. It is very difficult to classify crimes because many crimes evolve on a daily basis. “Cyber Crime” as any malefactor or other offences where electronic communications or information systems, including any device or the Internet or both or more of them are involved [1]. Government of country define “Cyber law” as the legal issues that are related to utilize of communications technology, concretely "cyberspace", i.e. the Internet. It is an endeavour to integrate the challenges presented by human action on the Internet with legacy system of laws applicable to the physical world [2]. All crimes performed or resorted to by abuse of electronic media or otherwise, with the purpose of influencing, section II defined the concept of conventional and cyber crime. Section III describes mode and manner of committing cyber crime. Methodology in section IV. Section V defines the classification of cyber crime, result is described in section VI and finally section VII shows the conclusion of paper.

Conventional and cyber crime:

Cyber crime and conventional crime has no major difference.

Conventional Crime:

Crime is a social and economic phenomenon of the human society. Crime could be a legal construct and has the sanction of the law. Crime or Associate in nursing offence is “a legal wrong that may be followed by criminal proceedings which can result into penalization.” The hallmark of criminality is that, it is breach of the criminal law. Per Lord Atkin “the criminal quality of Associate in Nursing act can't be discovered by relevancy any customary however one amongst the act prohibited with penal consequences”. A crime may be said to be any conduct accompanied by act or omission prohibited by law and consequential breach of which is visited by penal consequences[3]. Conventional crime includes murder, rape, assault, robbery, burglary and theft.

Cyber Crime

‘Cyber crime is any criminal act dealing with computers and networks (called hacking). Additionally, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the Internet.’ Wide range of offences that can be committed through internet. Commonly, the cyber crimes can be categorized into various forms including firstly, committing new offences by using new technologies like cyber crimes against computer systems and data and secondly, committing old offences by using new technology like using computer network for facilitating the commission of a cyber crime[4]. It is found that cyber crimes are relatively free from worry of directly encountering law enforcement and witnesses, Because in the past decade, this ever growing technology has altered the way of teenagers to communicate and interact with others like their age friends, youngster, older and parents. Figure1 indicate journey of human cyber crime is just a conventional crime committed with high-tech devices.

Fig.1: Conventional Crime and Cyber Crime

Causes of cyber crime:

“The Concept of Law” has said ‘human beings are vulnerable so rule of law is required to protect them’. Graham Day, author of Security in the Digital World, says: "Attackers are slowly discovering all the ways that devices can be used to attack other. As this knowledge develops, the number and sophistication of attacks also increase." Applying this to the cyberspace we may say that computers are vulnerable so rule of law is required to guard and safeguard them against cyber crime. The reasons for the vulnerability of computers could also be aforementioned to be:

· Capacity to store data in comparatively small space.

· Easy to access.

· Complex network.

· Negligence of users.

· Loss of evidence.

· Poorly secured Wi-Fi spots.

· Weak security controls in the corporate cloud.

· Servers are not updated.

· Embedded malware into legitimate applications.

· Breach because of mobile devices.

· Using unsafe internet by children.

· Make quick and huge amount of money.

· Become famous and feeling of having upper hand over other.

· Conveying some message to government or society at large.

· Countries do not have stringent laws to protect against cyber crime.

· Ability to hide oneself and not getting caught.

Mode and manner of committing cyber crime:

All crimes performed or resorted to by abuse of electronic media or otherwise, with the purpose of influencing the functioning of computer system. We are discuses hear about mode and manner of committing cyber crime. The most of cyber crime is identity theft, in which criminals use the Internet to filch private information from other end user. There are various modes or methods by which cyber crime can be committed such as: Unauthorized access to computer systems or networks / Hacking, Theft of information contained in electronic form, Email bombing, Data diddling, Salami attack, Denial of Service attack, Virus / worm attacks, Logic bombs, Internet time thefts, Figure2 shows mode and manner used by criminal:

Fig.2: Mode and Manner of Committing Cyber Crime

METHODOLOGY:

Cyber crime has become a global threat from Europe to America, Africa to Asia. Cyber crime has come as a surprise and a strange phenomenon in India has been evolving rapidly in the 21st century. The main purpose of this research is to decius nature, causes of cyber crime, Functioning, classification, Mode and Manner of Committing Cyber Crimes, for this we collected data from NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) /SCRB (State Crime Records Bureau) since 2000.

NCRB:

The National Crime Records Bureau is known as NCRB, is an Indian government agency. It was established in 1986 to works as a repository of information on crime and criminals and also To Empower Indian Police with Information Technology.

SCRB:

On the recommendation of the NCRB, SCRB was created. The main objective for setting up this unit is that it would act as a clearing house of crime and Criminal Information by facilitating amongst the Police Forces of the State/ Union Territory. SCRB also help To solve the IT needs of the districts and all computer related matters,

Cyber Crime is as unlawful act where computer is a tool or a target or both. Figure 3 indicate block diagram of Cyber crime where computer is used as a tool, target and both :

Computer Is A Tool:

In Cyber Crime computer is considered as a tool, for example in case of threatening, a person sends threatening mail by using computer system, in these case computer system is Tool of crime.

Fig.3: Block diagram of Cyber Crime

Computer Is A Target:

In Cyber Crime computer is considered as a Target, these Crimes require the technical knowledge as well as online connection. For example in case of hacking a computer, a person stole all the data from targeted computer. in these case computer system is target of crime.

Computer Is A Target and Tool :

In Cyber Crime computer is considered as a tool as well as Target, for example in case of pornography, a person send porn photo or video from our computer (tool) to another computer(target). In these case computer system is both (tool and targeted).

Classification of cyber crime:

The subject of cyber crime may be broadly classified under the following groups and the crimes Figure 4 Shows classification of crime. Figure 6 indicate the percentage of cyber crime in top 20 countries in which our nation carries the 11 position.

Fig.4: Classification of Crime

Against Individuals:

i. Harassment via e-mails.

ii. Cyber-stalking.

iii. Dissemination of obscene material.

iv. Defamation.

v. Unauthorized control/access over computer system.

vi. Indecent exposure

vii. Email spoofing

viii.Cheating and Fraud

Against Individual Property:

i. Computer vandalism.

ii. Transmitting virus.

iii. Netrespass

iv. Unauthorized control/access over computer system.

v. Intellectual Property crimes

vi. Internet time thefts

Against Organization:

i. Government, Firm, Company, Group of Individuals.

ii. Unauthorized control/access over computer system

iii. Possession of unauthorized information.

iv. Cyber terrorism against the government organization.

v. Distribution of pirated software etc.

Against Society at large:

i. Pornography (child pornography).

ii. Polluting the youth through indecent exposure.

iii. Trafficking

iv. Financial crimes

v. Sale of illegal articles

vi. Online gambling

vii. Forgery

In India Information on the cases registered under various sections of IPC (Indian Penal Code) which were considered as cyber crimes at all-India level is presented in figure 4. We Have categories the cyber crime as : Hacking, Denial Of Service Attack, Virus Dissemination, Software Piracy, Pornography, IRC Crime, Credit Card Fraud, Net Extortion, Phishing, Spoofing, Cyber Stalking, Threatening, Salami Attack.

Fig.5: Cases registered under cyber crime cases during 2015 (all India 11,592)

Most of the cyber crimes were registered for greed/financial gain accounting for 33.3% (3,855 out of 11,592 cases) followed by fraud/illegal gain (9.6%) (1,119 cases), insult to the modesty of women (5.2%) (606 cases), sexual exploitation (5.1%) (588 cases) and causing disrepute), insult to the modesty of women (5.2%) (606 cases), sexual exploitation (5.1%) (588 cases) and causing disrepute (3.3%) (387cases). 103 cases are registered in Chhattisgarh till 2015.

Table-1: Evolution of Cyber Crime

Years	Types of Attacks
1997	Cyber crimes and viruses initiated, that includes Morris Code worm and other.
2004	Malicious code, Torjan, Advanced worm etc.
2007	Identifying thief, Phishing etc.
2010	DNS Attack, Rise of Botnets , SQL attacks etc.
2013	Social Engineering, DOS Attack, Botnets, Malicious Emails, Ransomware attack etc.
Present	Banking Malware, Keylogger, Bitcoin wallet, Phone hijacking, Android hack, Cyber warfare etc.

RESULTS:

The cyber crime is evolved from Morris Worm to the ransom ware. Many countries including India are working to stop such crimes or attacks, but these attacks are continuously changing and affecting our nation. Table-1 indicates the evolution of cyber crime since 1997, figure 6 indicate the percentage of cyber crime in top 20 countries in which our nation carries the 11 position. Figure 7 shows the graph of Cyber Crime in India (state wise) percentage of case against which charge sheet filled and figure 8 shows the Crime rate in India per 100000 people in graph and figure 9-10 shows the graph of Cyber Crime Case Reported and Registered In India

Fig.7: Case again charge- sheet filled

Fig.6: Percentage of cybercrime

Fig.8: Crime Rates In India

Fig. 9: Cyber Crime Case Reported In India

Fig. 10: Cyber Crime Case Registered in India

CONCLUSION:

Capacity of human mind is bottomless. It is impossible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber space. It is quite possible to check them. History is that the witness that no legislation has succeeded in wholly eliminating crime from the world. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective duty towards the society) and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime. Undoubtedly the Act may be a historical step within the cyber world. Further I all together don't deny that there's a requirement to bring changes within the Information Technology Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime. I would conclude with a word of caution for the pro-legislation school that it should be kept in mind that the provisions of the cyber law aren't made so stringent that it may retard the growth of the industry and prove to be counter-productive.

REFERENCES:

1. Animesh Sarmah, "A brief study on Cyber Crime and Cyber Law’s of India ", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 4, No 6, 2017

2. Kamini Dashora," Cyber Crime in the Society: Problems and Preventions", Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No 1, 240-259, 2011

3. Marco Gercke "Understanding cybercrime: Phenomena, challenges and legal response". Book Page no 2 (1.3), 2012.

4. Roderic Broadhurst etal,"Organizations and Cyber crime: An Analysis of the Nature of Groups engaged in Cyber Crime". International Journal of Cyber Criminology, Vol. 8, No.4, 2014

5. Sona Malhotra etal, "Cyber Crime-Its Types, Analysis and Prevention Techniques", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 6, No.5, 2016

6. Maziah Mohd Ali, Determinants of Preventing Cyber Crime: a Survey Research International Journal of Management Science and business Administration, Vol. 2, No.2, 2016.

Received on 20.05.2020 Accepted on 18.06.2020

Int. J. Tech. 2020; 10(1):24-30.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-3915.2020.00005.X